Chemicals in our daily lives – a women’s perspective reference list:
[1] Gore, A. et al. (2024) Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Threats to human health. Endocrine Society and IPEN.
[2] Trasande, L. et al. (2016) ‘Burden of disease and costs of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in the European Union: An updated analysis’, Andrology, 4(4), pp. 565–572. doi:10.1111/andr.12178.
[3] Alexandra Caterbow and Johanna Hausmann (2016), Women and Chemicals, The impact of hazardous chemicals on women. WECF.
[4] ‘What does estrogen do?’ (2014) The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 99(4). doi:10.1210/jc.2014-v99i4-31a.
[5] Chitakwa, N. et al. (2024) ‘Plastic-related endocrine disrupting chemicals significantly related to the increased risk of estrogen-dependent diseases in women’, Environmental Research, 252, p. 118966. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2024.118966.
[6] Gore, A.C. et al. (2015) ‘EDC-2: The endocrine society’s second scientific statement on endocrine-disrupting chemicals’, Endocrine Reviews, 36(6). doi:10.1210/er.2015-1010.
[7] Vannuccini, S. and Petraglia, F. (2022) ‘Adenomyosis: Is an endocrine-related uterine dysfunction?’, Gynecological Endocrinology, 38(12), pp. 1017–1018. doi:10.1080/09513590.2023.2172156.
[8] Wong, J.Y. et al. (2015) ‘Circulating sex hormones and risk of uterine fibroids: Study of Women’s Health Across The Nation (Swan)’, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 101(1), pp. 123–130. doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2935.
[9] Jackson, E. et al. (2017) ‘Adipose tissue as a site of toxin accumulation’, Comprehensive Physiology, 7(4), pp. 1085–1135. doi:10.1002/cphy.c160038.
[10] UNDP Environment & Energy (2011) Chemicals and gender. UNDP
[11] World Health Organization (2024) Breast cancer. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer.
[12] Europa Donna – The European breast cancer coalition (2024) Breast Cancer Facts. Available at: https://www.europadonna.org/breast-cancer/.
[13] Breast Cancer UK (2024) Why do we say at least 30%?. Available at: https://www.breastcanceruk.org.uk/about-breast-cancer-uk/why-do-we-say-at-least-30/.
[14] Manni, A. and El-Bayoumy, K. (2023) ‘Lifestyle modifications and breast cancer risk’, Cancers, 15(11), p. 2870. doi:10.3390/cancers15112870.
[15] Endocrine Society (2019) Impact of EDCs on hormone-sensitive cancer. Available at: https://www.endocrine.org/topics/edc/what-edcs-are/common-edcs/cancer.
[16] Fernandez-Jimenez, M.C. et al. (2020) ‘Iron deficiency in menstruating adult women: Much more than anemia’, Women’s Health Reports, 1(1), pp. 26–35. doi:10.1089/whr.2019.0011.
[17] Kim, Y. (2019) ‘Effect of iron deficiency on the increased blood divalent metal concentrations’, Iron Deficiency Anemia [Preprint]. doi:10.5772/intechopen.78958.
[18] CHEM Trust (2024) Women’s reproductive health and chemicals – interview with Dr Pauliina Damdimopoulou. Available at: https://chemtrust.org/interview-dr-pauliina-damdimopoulou/
[19] The Conversation (2021), Toxic chemicals linked to lower egg counts in women. Available at: https://theconversation.com/toxic-chemicals-linked-to-lower-egg-counts-in-women-161037
[20] Varshavsky, J. et al. (2020) ‘Heightened susceptibility: A review of how pregnancy and chemical exposures influence maternal health’, Reproductive Toxicology, 92, pp. 14–56. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.04.004.
[21] Mamsen, L.S. et al. (2019) ‘Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (pfass) in human embryonic and fetal organs from first, second, and Third trimester pregnancies’, Environment International, 124, pp. 482–492. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.010.
[22] Vizcaino, E. et al. (2014) ‘Transport of persistent organic pollutants across the human placenta’, Environment International, 65, pp. 107–115. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.004.
[23] European Commission Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs. Fragrance allergens labelling. Available at: https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/sectors/cosmetics/cosmetic-products-specific-topics/fragrance-allergens-labelling_en.
[24] Johanna Hausmann, Flora Kühne and Hanna Mertes (2021) Gender Just Chemicals Policy, WECF and WEN.
[25] Cosmetics Europe (2022) European Consumer Perception Study 2022. Available at: https://cosmeticseurope.eu/cosmetic-products/european-consumer-perception-study-2022/
[26] Schlumpf, M. et al. (2010) ‘Exposure patterns of UV filters, fragrances, parabens, phthalates, organochlor pesticides, pbdes, and PCBS in human milk: Correlation of UV filters with use of cosmetics’, Chemosphere, 81(10), pp. 1171–1183. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.09.079.
[27] Cechová, E. et al. (2017) ‘Legacy and alternative halogenated flame retardants in human milk in Europe: Implications for children’s health’, Environment International, 108, pp. 137–145. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.08.008.
[28] World Health Organization (2024) Breastfeeding. Available at: https://www.who.int/health-topics/breastfeeding#tab=tab_1
[29] Govarts, E. et al. (2023) ‘Harmonized human biomonitoring in European children, teenagers and adults: EU-wide exposure data of 11 chemical substance groups from the HBM4EU aligned studies (2014–2021)’, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 249, p. 114119. doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114119.
[30] Huang, H. et al. (2021) ‘Self-consciousness and depression in precocious pubertal children’, Journal of International Medical Research, 49(5). doi:10.1177/03000605211020227.
[31] Marroquin, J. et al. (2023) ‘Chemicals in menstrual products: A systematic review’, BJOG, 131(5), pp. 655–664. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.17668.
[32] WEN (2023) Environmenstrual Factsheet 2023.
[33] Kezic, S. et al. (2022) ‘Occupational exposure of hairdressers to airborne hazardous chemicals: A scoping review’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7), p. 4176. doi:10.3390/ijerph19074176.
*This briefing uses the terms ‘woman’ and ‘female’ due to a current lack of research looking at other groups, including but not limited to transgender, non-binary and intersex individuals. CHEM Trust recognises this data gap and makes no assumptions about the gender identity of individuals.
